IF...THEN

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IF...THEN statements make boolean (true or false) evaluations to automate program decision making.

Syntax

Single-line

IF conditionStatement THEN {code} ELSE {alternativeCode}
IF conditionStatement GOTO lineLabel


Block

IF conditionStatement THEN
{code}
ELSEIF conditionStatement2 THEN
{code}
ELSE
{code}
END IF


Description

  • The conditionStatement evaluation by IF must be true (-1) or a non-zero numerical value for the THEN {code} to be executed.
  • Multiple conditional evaluations can be made using inclusive AND or alternative OR conditional expressions.
  • THEN is not required when GOTO is used to send program flow to a line number or label.
  • IF statements can also have alternative evaluations using ELSEIF and ELSE conditions.
  • When the IF statement and/or code to be run is more than code line, an END IF statement must be used.
  • With multiple code lines to run, end the IF statement with THEN and place all of the code on lines below that line.
  • Multiple code line block statements require that the IF...THEN, ELSEIF, ELSE and END IF be on separate lines.
  • The IDE may return an error of NEXT without FOR or LOOP without DO when END IF does not end a statement block.
  • The QB64 IDE will indicate an error in the IF statement line until END IF closes the statement block.
  • Use colons to execute multiple statements in a single-line IF statement.
  • An underscore can be used anywhere after the code on a single-line to continue it to the next line in QB64.
  • NOTE: STRING values can only be evaluated in an IF statement if a value is compared to a literal or CHR$ string value. QB64 may not compile literal IF string statements or indicate an IDE coding error. Use LEN or ASC to compare strings numerically.


Relational Operators:
Symbol Condition Example Usage
<  Less than  IF a < b THEN
>  Greater than  IF a > b THEN
=  Equal  IF a = b THEN
<=  Less than or equal  IF a <= b THEN
>=  Greater than or equal  IF a >= b THEN
<>  NOT equal  IF a <> b THEN


When evaluating a number value, no IF value > 0 operation is necessary for values not 0. Use: IF value THEN


Boolean Conditional Operators:


  • AND (boolean) can be used to add extra conditions to a boolean statement evaluation.
  • OR (boolean) can be used to add alternate conditions to a boolean statement evaluation.
  • Parenthesis are allowed inside of boolean statements to clarify an evaluation.


Mathematical Logical operators:
* Truth table of the 6 BASIC Logical Operators:


The results of the bitwise logical operations, where A and B are operands, and T and F indicate that a bit is set or not set:
Operands Operations
A B NOT B A AND B A OR B A XOR B A EQV B A IMP B
T T F T T F T T
T F T F T T F F
F T F F T T F T
F F T F F F T T
Relational Operations return negative one (-1, all bits set) and zero (0, no bits set) for true and false, respectively.
This allows relational tests to be inverted and combined using the bitwise logical operations.


* Note that Basic returns -1 for True and 0 for False.


Examples

Example 1: In a one line IF statement, only REM can be used to comment out the action without an END IF error:

INPUT "Enter a number over or under 100: ", x IF x > 100 THEN PRINT x IF x > 100 THEN REM PRINT x '


Example 2: IF statement blocks require that the IF THEN and END IF statements be separate from the code executed.

INPUT "Enter a number over or under 100: ", x IF x > 100 THEN y = 200 PRINT y PRINT x END IF


Example 3: True or False evaluation of a numerical value executes only when the value is not 0. Cannot evaluate STRING values.

INPUT "Enter a number or just hit Enter: ", x IF x THEN PRINT x

Example will only print if a numerical value is True (positive or negative). (Equivalent to: IF x > 0 OR x < 0 THEN evaluation)


Example 4: Multiple evaluations using parenthesis to determine the order.

INPUT "Enter a number over or under 100 or 50: ", value IF (value% > 100 AND value% < 200) OR value% = 50 THEN PRINT "OK"


Example 5: Using multiple IF options in a one line statement.

INPUT "Enter a number over or under 200: ", x IF x > 200 THEN PRINT "High" [[ELSEIF|ELSEIF]] x < 0 THEN PRINT "Low" [[ELSE|ELSE]] PRINT "OK"


Example 6: STRING values can be compared using greater than, less than, not equal to or equal to operators only.

PRINT "Press a letter key: "; Key$ = INPUT$(1) PRINT Key$ IF Key$ >= CHR$(65) AND Key$ <= CHR$(90) THEN PRINT "A to Z"

Explanation: Long STRING expression values are compared by their cumulative ASCII code values.


QBasic decimal point value comparison errors
  • Floating decimal point numerical values may not be compared as exactly the same value. QB64 will compare them the same.
Example: QBasic would print unequal in the IF comparison code below even though it is exactly the same value printed.

x# = 5 / 10 y# = 6 / 10 z# = x# + y# PRINT x#, y#, z# IF x# + y# = z# THEN PRINT "equal" ELSE PRINT "unequal"

Note: QB64 will make the calculation correctly and print equal. Change older program code that relies on the error accordingly.


See also



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